Posts tagged "Security"

The Nuxt team has disclosed four security vulnerabilities. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Vulnerabilities

• CVE-2026-47200: Route middleware bypass via island page endpoints (nuxt 3.11.0–3.21.5, 4.0.0-alpha.1–4.4.5)
• CVE-2026-46342: Island response not validated against request props (nuxt 3.1.0–3.21.5, 4.0.0-alpha.1–4.4.5)
• CVE-2026-45670: Dev server exposes built source over LAN (nuxt 3.15.4–3.21.5, 4.0.0-alpha.1–4.4.5)
• CVE-2026-45669: Reflected XSS via navigateTo with external: true (nuxt 3.4.3–3.21.5, 4.0.0-alpha.1–4.4.5)

Impact on Netlify

CVE-2026-47200 (route middleware bypass)

When component islands are enabled — the default in Nuxt 4, and available via an opt-in flag in Nuxt 3 — .server.vue page files are accessible via /__nuxt_island/page_* endpoints that render pages without invoking Vue Router, bypassing route middleware entirely. An unauthenticated attacker can request these endpoints directly to access pages that rely solely on middleware for access control.

Regardless of hosting provider, all affected Nuxt apps using .server.vue pages with route-middleware-only authentication are vulnerable.

CVE-2026-46342 (island cache poisoning)

The /__nuxt_island/* endpoint accepts props via query parameters without server-side hash validation, allowing the same path to return different content depending on query parameters. If an upstream cache keys on path only, an attacker can inject crafted props into cached responses — enabling XSS if the application renders those props through unsafe HTML sinks.

On Netlify, cached function responses vary by query string. This vulnerability requires overriding Netlify’s default Netlify-Vary behavior and is not exploitable in standard Netlify deployments.

CVE-2026-45670 (dev server source exposure)

Running nuxt dev --host binds the development server to a non-loopback address; with the rspack or webpack builder (not the default Vite builder), malicious sites on the same network can access the application’s source code. This only affects local development environments.

Netlify production deployments are not affected. Developers should avoid using --host with rspack or webpack builders, or upgrade to patch the issue.

CVE-2026-45669 (reflected XSS via navigateTo)

When navigateTo() is called with external: true, Nuxt generates a server-side HTML meta-refresh redirect. The destination URL is insufficiently sanitized — HTML-significant characters are not encoded, so an attacker who controls the URL parameter can inject arbitrary scripts that execute before the redirect occurs.

Regardless of hosting provider, all apps passing untrusted user input to navigateTo() with external: true are vulnerable.

What should I do?

We strongly recommend upgrading as soon as possible to patched releases:

• nuxt 3.21.6 or later (for Nuxt 3.x), or 4.4.6 or later (for Nuxt 4.x)
• @nuxt/rspack-builder and @nuxt/webpack-builder 3.21.6 or later, or 4.4.6 or later (if applicable)

Note that any publicly available deploy previews and branch deploys may remain vulnerable until they are automatically deleted. Consider deleting these deploys manually.

Resources

• Nuxt security advisories

The Next.js and React teams have disclosed twelve security vulnerabilities: one in React Server Components and eleven in Next.js, all patched on May 6, 2026, plus a follow-up advisory on May 7. The issues span middleware/proxy bypass, cross-site scripting (XSS), server-side request forgery (SSRF), cache poisoning, and denial of service (DoS). No detailed proof-of-concept information has been published. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Summary

If you run Next.js on Netlify, we strongly recommend upgrading next to 15.5.18 or 16.2.6 and redeploying. This also brings in the patched React Server Components dependency. Projects using Pages Router with i18n and Next.js Middleware / Proxy also need OpenNext Netlify Next.js adapter v5.15.11. If you use react-server-dom-* outside of Next.js, upgrade to 19.0.6 / 19.1.7 / 19.2.6 matching your React minor. See What should I do? for full steps.

Netlify’s platform is not vulnerable to several of these CVEs. Image Optimization, WebSocket SSRF, RSC cache poisoning, and the cache-poisoned-redirect bypass do not affect Netlify projects. See Impact on Netlify for the per-CVE verdict.

Vulnerabilities

React (react-server-dom-*)

This affects react-server-dom-webpack, react-server-dom-parcel, and react-server-dom-turbopack. The Next.js advisory GHSA-8h8q-6873-q5fj tracks the same issue downstream.

Vulnerability	Severity	Affected versions	Fixed in
GHSA-rv78-f8rc-xrxh — DoS in Server Components (CVE-2026-23870)	High	19.0.0–19.0.5, 19.1.0–19.1.6, 19.2.0–19.2.5	19.0.6, 19.1.7, 19.2.6

Next.js

All Next.js issues are patched in 15.5.18 and 16.2.6. Earlier minors of 15.x and 16.x will not be patched; affected projects must upgrade to a patched minor.

Vulnerability	Severity	Affected versions
GHSA-8h8q-6873-q5fj — DoS with Server Components	High	≥13.0.0
GHSA-267c-6grr-h53f — Middleware / Proxy bypass in App Router via segment-prefetch routes	High	≥15.2.0
GHSA-26hh-7cqf-hhc6 — Follow-up to GHSA-267c-6grr-h53f: incomplete fix for middleware.ts with Turbopack	High	≥15.2.0
GHSA-mg66-mrh9-m8jx — DoS via connection exhaustion in apps using Cache Components	High	≥15.0.0 (apps using Cache Components)
GHSA-492v-c6pp-mqqv — Middleware / Proxy bypass through dynamic route parameter injection	High	≥15.4.0
GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r — SSRF in applications using WebSocket upgrades	High	≥13.4.13
GHSA-36qx-fr4f-26g5 — Middleware / Proxy bypass in Pages Router applications using i18n	High	≥12.2.0
GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q — XSS in App Router applications using CSP nonces	Medium	≥13.4.0
GHSA-gx5p-jg67-6x7h — XSS in beforeInteractive scripts with untrusted input	Medium	≥13.0.0
GHSA-h64f-5h5j-jqjh — DoS in the Image Optimization API	Medium	≥10.0.0
GHSA-wfc6-r584-vfw7 — Cache poisoning in React Server Component responses	Medium	≥14.2.0
GHSA-vfv6-92ff-j949 — Cache poisoning via collisions in React Server Component cache-busting	Low	≥13.4.6
GHSA-3g8h-86w9-wvmq — Middleware / Proxy redirects can be cache-poisoned	Low	≥12.2.0

Impact on Netlify

Denial of service

GHSA-8h8q-6873-q5fj and GHSA-mg66-mrh9-m8jx are server-side denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerabilities. On Netlify, these have minimal impact: our autoscaling serverless architecture means that a malicious request resulting in a crashed or hung function does not affect other requests. However, active exploitation could increase your function costs. Note that Cache Components (GHSA-mg66-mrh9-m8jx) is an opt-in Next.js feature that is not enabled by default. Upgrading Next.js resolves both.

GHSA-h64f-5h5j-jqjh affects the Next.js Image Optimization API. Netlify projects are not affected: this Next.js code path is not used on Netlify — image optimization is handled by Netlify Image CDN, a separate service that runs outside your project’s functions with its own protections against this class of issue.

Middleware / proxy bypass

These four CVEs affect Next.js middleware and proxy routing. Because Netlify runs Next.js middleware via our own edge function adapter, the impact varies per CVE:

• GHSA-3g8h-86w9-wvmq (cache-poisoned redirects): Netlify projects are not affected. Our OpenNext Netlify Next.js adapter already varies cached responses on the x-nextjs-data header.
• GHSA-492v-c6pp-mqqv (dynamic route parameter injection): Netlify projects are affected, and the upstream Next.js fix applies. Upgrading Next.js resolves the issue.
• GHSA-36qx-fr4f-26g5 (Pages Router i18n bypass): Netlify projects using Pages Router with i18n and Next.js Middleware / Proxy are affected. The upstream Next.js patch alone does not resolve this on Netlify; a Netlify-specific fix shipped in OpenNext Netlify Next.js adapter v5.15.11. See how to upgrade below.
• GHSA-267c-6grr-h53f (App Router segment-prefetch bypass) and GHSA-26hh-7cqf-hhc6 (follow-up): Netlify projects are affected, and the upstream Next.js fix applies. Upgrading Next.js resolves both.

Cross-site scripting

GHSA-ffhc-5mcf-pf4q and GHSA-gx5p-jg67-6x7h are client-side XSS vulnerabilities. Regardless of hosting provider, all apps using CSP nonces in App Router or passing untrusted input to beforeInteractive scripts may be vulnerable. Upgrade Next.js to remediate.

Server-side request forgery

GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r affects applications using WebSocket upgrades. Netlify projects are not affected: Netlify Functions and Edge Functions do not support WebSocket upgrades, so this Next.js code path cannot be exercised on Netlify.

Cache poisoning

GHSA-wfc6-r584-vfw7 and GHSA-vfv6-92ff-j949 affect React Server Component response caching. Netlify projects are not affected: Netlify’s CDN does not rely on the _rsc cache-busting query parameter (so collisions in it cannot poison cache entries), and it honors Vary on RSC-related request headers.

What should I do?

We strongly recommend upgrading as soon as possible to patched releases:

• Next.js projects: upgrade next to 15.5.18 or 16.2.6. This bundles the patched React Server Components dependency, so a separate react-server-dom-* upgrade is not needed.
• Direct react-server-dom-* users (React Router RSC, Vite RSC plugin, custom RSC setups): upgrade react-server-dom-webpack, react-server-dom-parcel, or react-server-dom-turbopack to 19.0.6, 19.1.7, or 19.2.6 — matching your React minor.

For Next.js 13.x and 14.x users: patches are not planned for these versions. Consider upgrading to Next.js 15.x or 16.x.

For projects using Pages Router with i18n and Next.js Middleware / Proxy (GHSA-36qx-fr4f-26g5), the upstream Next.js fix does not fully apply on Netlify. The fix ships in OpenNext Netlify Next.js adapter v5.15.11:

• Auto-installed adapter (default): redeploy.
• Manually installed adapter: upgrade @netlify/plugin-nextjs to v5.15.11 and redeploy. We recommend not pinning the adapter version so future fixes ship automatically.

Note that any publicly available deploy previews and branch deploys may remain vulnerable until they are automatically deleted. Consider deleting these deploys manually.

Resources

• React security advisory (GHSA-rv78-f8rc-xrxh)
• CVE-2026-23870
• Next.js security advisories

Team Owners can now guarantee that projects stay within the team to meet compliance or ownership requirements by blocking every project from being transferred to another team.

Once a Team Owner blocks project transfers out of the team, even the Team Owner cannot transfer projects out of the team unless they change this setting, which is tracked in the team’s audit log.

Try it out

To change the setting, go to Team settings > Access & security > Transfer site settings and select Edit settings.

When transfers are blocked, the Transfer project action is hidden for every project owned by the team and the backend rejects transfer requests for those projects.

Enterprise defaults

Enterprise teams start with project transfers set to Blocked for security reasons, but Team Owners can change this setting to Allowed at any time. Only Team Owners can change this setting and changes are recorded in the team audit log.

Learn more

Learn more in our docs on Transferring a project.

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability (CVE-2026-23869, CVSS 7.5) has been disclosed affecting React Server Components (RSCs), a feature used by Next.js and other React metaframeworks. A malicious payload can cause excessive CPU consumption. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Impact on Netlify

Nominally, this is a server-side DoS vulnerability. However, on Netlify this has minimal impact: our autoscaling serverless architecture means that a malicious request resulting in a crashed or hung function does not affect other requests. However, active exploitation could increase your function costs.

Affected frameworks

All RSC frameworks are affected:

• Next.js (see version table below)
• React Router 7 (if using RSC preview)
• Waku
• @parcel/rsc
• @vitejs/plugin-rsc

Astro, Gatsby, and Remix are not affected.

React affected versions

See the React advisory for full details.

Affected versions	Fixed in
19.0.0–19.0.4	19.0.5
19.1.0–19.1.5	19.1.6
19.2.0–19.2.4	19.2.5

Next.js affected versions

See the Next.js advisory for full details.

Affected versions	Fixed in
13.3.0+	EOL - no fix
14.x	EOL - no fix
15.0.0–15.5.14	15.5.15
16.0.0–16.2.2	16.2.3

What should I do?

If any of your projects are using an affected version, we recommend upgrading as soon as possible to a patched release.

For Next.js 13.x and 14.x users: patches are not planned for these versions. Consider upgrading to Next.js 15.x or 16.x.

Note that any publicly available deploy previews and branch deploys may remain vulnerable until they are automatically deleted. Consider deleting these deploys manually.

Resources

• React CVE-2026-23869
• React security advisory
• Next.js security advisory

Netlify now automatically blocks bot scans targeting PHP paths across all plans — no configuration required.

Previously, these bots generated noise in Observability logs and metrics. They showed up without a User-Agent header. Netlify now blocks them at the edge.

Since rolling out edge-level blocking on December 28, 2025, Netlify has blocked 2.9 billion of these requests.

A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability (CVE-2026-23864, CVSS 7.5) has been disclosed affecting React Server Components (RSCs), a feature used by Next.js and other React metaframeworks. A malicious payload can cause memory exhaustion or excessive CPU consumption. Next.js has also disclosed two unrelated medium-severity CVEs (CVE-2025-59471, CVE-2025-59472) patched in the same releases. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Impact on Netlify

Nominally, this is a server-side DoS vulnerability. However, on Netlify this has minimal impact: our autoscaling serverless architecture means that a malicious request resulting in a crashed or hung function does not affect other requests. However, active exploitation could increase your function costs.

Affected frameworks

All RSC frameworks are affected:

• Next.js (see version table below)
• React Router 7 (if using RSC preview)
• Waku
• @parcel/rsc
• @vitejs/plugin-rsc

Astro, Gatsby, and Remix are not affected.

React affected versions

See the React blog post for full details.

Affected versions	Fixed in
19.0.0–19.0.3	19.0.4
19.1.0–19.1.4	19.1.5
19.2.0–19.2.3	19.2.4

Next.js affected versions

See the Next.js advisory for full details.

Affected versions	Fixed in
13.3.0+	EOL - no fix
14.x	EOL - no fix
15.0.0–15.0.7	15.0.8
15.1.0–15.1.10	15.1.11
15.2.0–15.2.8	15.2.9
15.3.0–15.3.8	15.3.9
15.4.0–15.4.10	15.4.11
15.5.0–15.5.9	15.5.10
15.x canaries	15.6.0-canary.61
16.0.0–16.0.10	16.0.11
16.1.0–16.1.4	16.1.5
16.x canaries	16.2.0-canary.9

What should I do?

If any of your projects are using an affected version, we recommend upgrading as soon as possible to a patched release.

For Next.js 13.x and 14.x users: patches are not planned for these versions. Consider upgrading to Next.js 15.x or 16.x.

Note that any publicly available deploy previews and branch deploys may remain vulnerable until they are automatically deleted. Consider deleting these deploys manually.

Resources

• React CVE-2026-23864
• React blog post
• Next.js security advisory

The React Router team has disclosed six security vulnerabilities affecting React Router and Remix. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability	Remix versions	React Router versions & modes
CVE-2025-61686 - Path traversal	≤2.17.1	7.0.0–7.9.3 All modes
CVE-2025-68470 - Open redirect	-	6.0.0–6.30.1, 7.0.0–7.9.5 All modes
CVE-2026-22030 - CSRF	≤2.17.2	7.0.0–7.11.0 Framework only
CVE-2025-59057 - Meta XSS	1.15.0–2.17.0	7.0.0–7.8.2 Framework only
CVE-2026-22029 - Redirect XSS	≤2.17.3	6.0.0–6.30.2, 7.0.0–7.11.0 Framework, Data
CVE-2026-21884 - ScrollRestoration XSS	≤2.17.2	7.0.0–7.11.0 Framework only

Impact on Netlify

CVE-2025-61686 (path traversal)

This vulnerability affects @react-router/node, @remix-run/node, and @remix-run/deno. These packages are not used on Netlify, therefore Netlify projects are not affected.

CVE-2025-68470 (open redirect)

Apps with unsafe uses of React Router navigation APIs may be hijacked to redirect to arbitrary origins.

Regardless of hosting provider, all apps constructing paths from untrusted user input may be vulnerable.

CVE-2026-22030 (CSRF)

Actions and experimental RSC Server Functions can be triggered by cross-origin form submissions, allowing an attacker to execute actions on behalf of authenticated users.

Regardless of hosting provider, all apps may be vulnerable.

CVE-2025-59057, CVE-2026-22029, and CVE-2026-21884 (XSS)

These are cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. For example, in CVE-2026-22029 actions and experimental RSC Server Functions performing a redirect to a path constructed from untrusted user input may be hijacked to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the browser.

Regardless of hosting provider, all apps passing untrusted data into certain APIs may be vulnerable. (The Remix team has left this intentionally vague.)

What should I do?

If any of your projects are using any affected version listed above, we strongly recommend upgrading as soon as possible to patched releases:

• react-router 7.12.0 or later (for React Router 7.x)
• react-router 6.30.2 or later (for React Router 6.x)
• @remix-run/react 2.17.4 or later
• @remix-run/server-runtime 2.17.4 or later

Note that any publicly available deploy previews and branch deploys may remain vulnerable until they are automatically deleted. Consider deleting these deploys manually.

The Node.js team has released a security update addressing a denial-of-service vulnerability affecting applications that use async_hooks (including in dependencies). Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Vulnerability

When async_hooks are enabled on certain versions of Node.js, a stack overflow causes the Node.js process to exit immediately rather than throw a catchable error. This bypasses try-catch blocks and uncaught exception handlers entirely.

A malicious actor could send a crafted payload to crash a server.

Note that many common tools and frameworks use async_hooks under the hood, notably APM and tracing tools (e.g. DataDog, NewRelic, OpenTelemetry) as well as Next.js App Router and other React Server Components implementations. You can find more details on that here.

Impact on Netlify

This is a server-side denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability. On Netlify, this has minimal impact: our autoscaling serverless architecture means that a malicious request resulting in a crashed or hung function does not affect other requests. However, active exploitation could increase your cold starts and your function costs.

Note that Node.js used during your project’s build is not impacted at all.

What should I do?

If you have opted your Netlify Functions into Node.js 18, we recommend upgrading to Node.js 20 or later. Node.js 18 reached end-of-life in April 2025 and thus will not be patched.

Otherwise, there is no action for you to take. Although this CVE’s impact to Netlify sites is limited, deployed Netlify Functions will be updated to patched Node.js versions automatically on a rolling basis.

For completeness, please note that the Node.js version used during your project’s build is not relevant to this CVE. There is no action for you to take and this will not be automatically patched.

Resources

• Node.js security release announcement
• Netlify Functions Node.js version configuration

The Svelte team has disclosed five CVEs affecting the Svelte and SvelteKit ecosystem. Here’s what Netlify customers need to know.

Vulnerabilities

• CVE-2026-22775: Memory/CPU exhaustion in devalue (5.1.0–5.6.1)
• CVE-2026-22774: Memory exhaustion in devalue (5.3.0–5.6.1)
• CVE-2026-22803: Server crash in @sveltejs/kit (2.49.0–2.49.4)
• CVE-2025-67647: Server crash and SSRF in @sveltejs/kit (2.44.0–2.49.4) and @sveltejs/adapter-node (2.19.0–2.49.4)
• CVE-2025-15265: XSS in svelte (5.46.0–5.46.3)

Impact on Netlify

CVE-2026-22775, CVE-2026-22774, and CVE-2026-22803

These are server-side denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerabilities. On Netlify, these have minimal impact: our autoscaling serverless architecture means that a malicious request resulting in a crashed or hung function does not affect other requests. However, active exploitation could increase your function costs.

In addition, note that only sites using the experimental Remote Functions feature are affected.

CVE-2025-67647

As above, this DoS vulnerability involves intentionally “crashing” a server. On Netlify, this has minimal impact.

The SSRF vulnerability affects a @sveltejs/adapter-node, which is not used by apps deployed to Netlify.

CVE-2025-15265

This is a client-side cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. Regardless of hosting provider, all apps using the experimental hydratable with unsanitized user-controlled keys are vulnerable.

What should I do?

Although the impact to Netlify sites is limited in this case, we always strongly recommend upgrading as soon as possible to patched releases:

• devalue 5.6.2 or later
• @sveltejs/kit 2.49.5 or later
• @sveltejs/adapter-node 5.5.1 or later
• svelte 5.46.4 or later

Resources

• Svelte team disclosure